Model for Local Economic Development
Institutions
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- Cooperatives can only protect their members from price risks if they have certain characteristics (i.e. alignment of control with benefits, a clear governance and sufficient funds). Cooperatives were financially more successful and had a larger contribution to community development if member empowerments and participation were high.
Bruin, Larger Institutions Not Always Positively Influence Margins: The Case Of Human Coordination, Price Risk Management And Cooperatives In Tanzania.
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- Local Economic Development programs can be evaluated using the CIPP (context, input, process and product) model. Context can be seen as the goals for local economic development, the input are the plans to reach those goals, the processes are the actions taken to execute the plans and the product is the outcome of the actions. If the LED programs are effective quality of life of local people and competitiveness of the region should increase. Furthermore, collaboration between all relevant stakeholders should be enhanced more(both public and private sector, entrepreneurs). Lastly, institutions should facilitate the transfer of knowledge from participants through organized and planned events.
Dewi, Deciding Evaluation in Local Economic Development.
- This paper uses a stochastic frontier analysis to examine the influence of institutions and financial regulation on the performance of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The estimation results indicate that MFIs perform better in countries where institutional quality is low, but that well-developed institutions benefit MFI
performance on condition that the MFI is regulated.
de Niet, When Institutional Quality Can Do Harm The Impact of Institutions and Regulation on the Performance of Microfinance Organizations.
- Community empowerment is increased by a good relationship between governmental and non-governmental institutions and the local community. This relationship is influenced by the amount of social capital. Community empowerment, together with a high amount of social capital, can lead to more local economic development.
de Windt, The Synergy between Social Entrepreneurship, Community Empowerment and Social Capital for the Local Economic Development of the smallholder rubber culture in Central Kalimantan.
- The goal of this research is to investigate the success factors, on national and regional level, which can influence the success of a microfinance project by performing a literature review. Furthermore, it aims to help investors in their search to find financially sustainable regions where they can invest their money. The success factors found in the literature are the social and cultural factors, the political factors and the economic factors. After analyzing a microfinance project in Uganda, we found that three factors have a negative influence and two factors do not have any (or little) influence on the MFI, but still the outcome of the project is successful. Therefore, we can conclude from this project that not all success factors have to be positive to make the outcome of a project successful.
Dingemanse, Success factors of Microfinance.
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- Employing the Double Triangle in the Triple Helix Model in the background of a case study from Singkawang, Indonesia, this study advances the understanding of how to create LED initiatives to allow for stronger incorporation of local stakeholders and thus increase endurance of achieved results. By applying the model to the agricultural LED initiative in Singkawang, the stakeholders local governmental institutions, local leaders, local farmers, and local (social) entrepreneurs are identified and their interactions analyzed. Based on this analysis, the model is extended by a fourth, moderating relationship of local governmental institutions upon the interactions of local leaders and local (social) entrepreneurs. Lastly, four recommendations for future programs are proposed.
Elmshauser, Creating Longevity in LED-Initiatives by Integrating the Local Actors of the Triple Helix Model. A Case Study from Singkawang.
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- This research investigates the differences in local economic development in developing and developed countries by using a model by Pennink (2014), based on local economic development (LED) in developing countries and applies it to a developing country. The findings are that multinational enterprises and their activities do not seem to play a role in LED. Universities have a supporting role and the regional and local level overlap. The supranational power and the role of social capital are added to the model. The supranational power appears to a supportive role in LED, like other institutions on all levels. Social capital plays a critical role as entrepreneurs and their relations need to take initiative.
Kistemaker, Local economic development and its multi-level, multi-actor influences: The influence of a supranational power and social capital.
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- This thesis therefore employs a case study to assess whether microfinance as a development tool can live up to its promise of alleviating poverty and creating gender equality. Moreover this thesis assesses how and if microfinance can help in the struggle against HIV and AIDS. It is concluded that the intervention aimed at economic and social empowerment of female sex workers can be deemed successful. These findings translate to clients of a microfinance project in Zimbabwe being less involved in commercial sex work and thus reduces the spreading of HIV and AIDS. Accordingly, microfinance can be a powerful tool in the struggle against HIV and AIDS.
Kips, Microfinance and the Struggle against HIV and Aids; the Case of GWAPA.
- This research discusses the effect of the interest yield and outreach to poor indicators on the financial performance of 63 Micro Finance Organizations (MFO) in Tanzania. Two types of financial sustainability are investigated for all the three types of MFOs: operational self-sufficiency and return on assets. Two extra variables are added for the analysis of the SACCOs and the MFIs: portfolio at risk and the operational cost per borrower. Evidence was found indicating an inverted U-shape relation between the interest yield and financial performance. Moreover, the results shows a positive relationship between serving women and being sustainable, but a tradeoff is found between the profitability and the average loan size.
Lugard, Micro Finance in Tanzania. An empirical analysis of the trade off between profitability and outreach to the poor of microfinance organizations inTanzania.
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- Focus is on the performance of financing institutions ins LEDs via a case study. The results of the case study showed low levels of inter-institutional collaboration, inadequate education and knowledge diffusion, and inappropriate financial services. Human coordination has the largest impacts and also impacts its fellow variables.
Ter Hijne, Institutional performance and financing; How to stimulate economic development for local communities: The case of Kupang, Indonesia.
- A way to increase empowerment on a local level is micro funding. Important to take in consideration are things like training lenders beforehand and monitoring them afterwards for guidance and making sure the money or products are used in a right manner. Furthermore, group lending is recommended over individual lending since it creates a means of control in the form of peer pressure. Lastly, a thing to keep in mind is multiple lending, thus lenders should work together more in order to avoid this.
Jansma, Microleasing in Uganda: A Program Design of the Supply Side of Microfinance.
- This thesis proposes a framework through which an emerging market business sector can be analyzed. Such an analysis should lead to the opportunities and threats within that particular sector based on the institutional context, an industrial analysis and a company analysis. The framework includes the decision making process, in which through a rational decision making model the most probable entry mode decision will emerge. It has been applied to the Brazilian soy industry in a case study, to analyze whether the framework is complete and result in the required information. This showed that in this case the framework was successful in identifying the opportunities and threats of the soy industry in Brazil.
Quist, Building a framework for analyzing emerging market business sectors: A case study of the Brazilian soy industry.
- This research takes an institutionalised perspective on local economic development, whereby it uses the Triple Helix Model to study the function of a university and its interaction with civic society institutions. A case study analysis is conducted in order to: research the suggested expansion of the Triple Helix Model, focus on the functions of the university and study the interaction with local civic society institutions. What we can conclude from the theoretical and case functions of the university, is that the new model has four institutional actors, with relating functions.
Wijngaarden, An institutionalised perspective on local economic development in a less-developed country. The university’s commitment to create a creative class, a case study of the Kathmandu University, Nepal.
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